Varicose Veins are enlarged, twisted veins that commonly occur in the legs. They develop when the valves in the veins that help regulate blood flow become weak or damaged, leading to blood pooling and increased venous pressure. This causes the veins to stretch and become tortuous. Factors contributing to the development of varicose veins include genetic predisposition, prolonged standing or sitting, obesity, pregnancy, and aging.
Clinical Evaluation
Patient History: Review of symptoms, medical history, and risk factors such as family history of varicose veins, lifestyle, and occupational factors.
Physical Examination: Visual and palpation assessment of the legs for visible varicose veins, skin changes, swelling, and tenderness.
Diagnostic Tests
Duplex Ultrasound: The primary imaging test used to evaluate blood flow in the veins and check for valve function, venous reflux, and blood clots.
Venography: An imaging test involving the injection of contrast dye into the veins to provide a detailed view of the vein structure and function (less commonly used).
Visible, bulging, and twisted veins, typically in the legs.
Aching, heavy, or throbbing sensation in the legs.
Swelling in the lower legs and ankles.
Pain that worsens after prolonged sitting or standing.
Itching around the veins.
Skin discoloration or changes, particularly near the ankles.
Muscle cramping or restless legs at night.
Treatment for varicose veins aims to relieve symptoms, improve appearance, and prevent complications.
Compression Stockings: Wearing specially designed stockings to apply pressure to the legs, improving blood flow and reducing swelling.
Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, elevating the legs, and avoiding prolonged standing or sitting to improve blood circulation.
Sclerotherapy: Injection of a solution into the varicose veins, causing them to collapse and fade over time.
Endovenous Laser Treatment (EVLT): Using laser energy to heat and close off varicose veins.
Radiofrequency Ablation: Using radiofrequency energy to heat and seal the affected veins.
Vein Stripping and Ligation: Surgical removal of large varicose veins through small incisions.
Ambulatory Phlebectomy: Removing varicose veins through tiny punctures in the skin.
Foam Sclerotherapy: Injection of a foam solution into the veins to seal them shut.
Laser or Intense Pulsed Light Therapy: Using light energy to treat small varicose veins and spider veins.
Monitoring and Follow-Up: Regular check-ups to monitor the condition and ensure the effectiveness of treatments.